by BPM Webmaster | Jan 26, 2023 | Cybersecurity, How To, Technology
Cybersecurity is a critical concern to secure data for offline device programming, as it ensures the integrity and confidentiality of the programming process. Below are several ways to implement cybersecurity in device programming, with tips on what you should be doing today, including access control, encryption, software updates, risk assessment/management, audits, and education.
Access control
Implementing strict access controls can prevent unauthorized access to the programming equipment and software. This can include physical security measures to secure data, such as security cameras and access cards, as well as software-based security measures, such as password protection and multi-factor authentication.
- Use security cameras to monitor access to the programming equipment and software.
- Use access cards or biometric authentication to control access to the programming equipment and software.
- Implement software-based security measures, such as password protection and multi-factor authentication.
- Regularly review and update access controls to ensure they are still effective.
- If possible, remove outside access to networks and the internet. No access makes it almost impossible to hack.
- Deeper dive here
Secure Data with Encryption
Encrypting the programming data and communication between the programming equipment and software can secure data against data breaches and unauthorized access to the programming data.
- Use strong encryption algorithms to protect the programming data.
- Implement key management to ensure that only authorized personnel have access to the encryption keys.
- Regularly review and update encryption methods to ensure they are still effective.
- 9 best encryption software programs for 2023
Secure software updates
Regularly updating the programming equipment and software is important for keeping them secure. However, it’s important to ensure that these updates are coming from a trusted source and are properly authenticated before installation.
- Ensure that updates are coming from a trusted source and are properly authenticated before installation.
- Keep track of software version and updates history.
- Verify the authenticity of software updates and the update process.
Risk assessment and management
Conducting regular risk assessments and implementing a risk management plan can help identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities in the programming process.
- Implement a risk management plan to mitigate identified vulnerabilities.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the risk management plan and update it as needed.
- Deeper dive here
Regular security audits
Regularly auditing the programming process and equipment can help identify and address any security weaknesses. Treat cyber threats as you would an ISO audit.
- Use both automated and manual testing methods.
- Use third-party security experts to conduct regular security audits.
- Keep records of security audits and implement recommendations.
Employee education and awareness
Educating employees about the importance of cybersecurity and how to properly handle and protect programming equipment and data can help prevent human error-based security breaches.
- Provide regular cybersecurity training to employees.
- Create and implement security guidelines and policies.
- Encourage employees to report any suspicious activities or security breaches.
- Run regular cybersecurity drills and simulations.
Implementing these security measures can help ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the offline semiconductor device programming process and protect against potential cyber threats. While this article focuses on offline programming, many of these principles apply to other types of device programming as well. In short, it’s important to regularly review and update these security measures to ensure they stay effective in protecting against evolving cyber threats.
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by BPM Webmaster | Jan 24, 2023 | How To, Technology
Which is best for your application?
Programming semiconductor devices is a crucial step in ensuring their proper functioning in electronic devices. There are several methods available for programming these devices, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will discuss three popular methods: in-system programming (ISP), offline programming, and Inline SMT Programming.
ISP Device Programming
Bed-of-Nails fixture connects the PCB to the final test
In-system programming (ISP) is a method that involves programming the device while it is still in the final application or system. This can be done by connecting the device to a computer or other programming device through a specialized interface, such as a JTAG or SPI interface. ISP is a more cost-effective option for high-volume production as it eliminates the need for a separate device programmer. However, it can be more complex and time-consuming to set up and use. IPS programming is more difficult to scale production. As volumes and/or programming memories increase, the line may turn into a bottleneck.
Off-Line Device Programming
The most common method for programming semiconductor devices is “offline.” This method involves the use of a specialized piece of equipment called a device programmer that is used to transfer data or code to the device. The programmer or development kit connects to the device either directly or by a socket and writes the code or data to the memory of the device. This method is relatively simple and straightforward, but may not be suitable for high-volume production.
To overcome the limitations of manual device programming, automated device programming systems can be used for high-volume production. These systems typically include multiple device programmers that are integrated into a single robotic platform, which can be controlled by a computer and a central controller. Automated device programming systems can significantly increase the efficiency and speed of programming semiconductor devices. They can also improve the accuracy and consistency of the programming process by automating repetitive tasks. Additionally, automated systems can be equipped with advanced features such as data logging, monitoring, and testing to ensure the quality of the programming process. Marking and media transfer are also possible.
A gang programmer has multiple sockets to program multiple devices at once. It can program a wide range of devices, from small microcontrollers to high-density flash memories. This makes it a versatile option for high-mix production environments where different types of devices need to be programmed.
Inline SMT Programming
Yet another method for programming semiconductor devices is through the use of Inline SMT Programming method. The process involves programming the devices during the Surface Mount Technology (SMT) assembly process. This method is suitable for high-volume production as it allows for the simultaneous programming and assembly of the devices. It is also cost-effective as it eliminates the need for a separate device programmer or ISP process. However, it requires specialized equipment and knowledge to execute properly; in addition, changes to existing workflows are expensive, time-consuming, and require testing to ensure everything is working correctly, delaying production until everything is checked and ready.
Which Method is Best?
There are several methods available for programming semiconductor devices, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. ISP is a cost-effective option for high-volume production but can be complex to set up and use. Off-line manual device programming is straightforward and easy to use but is not a good candidate for high-volume production. Automated device programming systems can significantly increase the efficiency and speed of programming semiconductor devices, improve the accuracy and consistency of the programming process and ensure the quality of the programming process. Inline SMT Programming is a cost-effective option for high-volume production with no changes to the boards, eliminates the need for a separate device programmer or ISP process, but requires specialized equipment and knowledge. The choice of method will depend on the specific requirements of the application and the resources available.
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by BPM Webmaster | Jan 13, 2023 | How To
Semiconductor devices are an integral part of modern electronics, powering everything from smartphones to computers to automobiles. These tiny devices are at the heart of all electronic circuits, providing the necessary computing power to perform a wide range of tasks.
However, in order for these devices to function properly, they must be properly programmed. This process can seem daunting for those new to the field, but with the right knowledge and tools, anyone can learn to program semiconductor devices.
Start with the End
Choosing the right chip for a project can be challenging, especially when supply chain constraints are taken into consideration. Here are a few things to consider when making this decision:
- Availability: It is important to consider the availability of the chip in the market. If a chip is in high demand and has a limited supply, it may be difficult to obtain and may have longer lead times. This can be a major constraint in the design process, as it can delay the development of the product or raise the cost.
- Cost: The cost of the chip is also an important factor to consider, especially when working within a budget. Some chips may be more expensive than others, which can affect the overall cost of the product.
- Technical specifications: The technical specifications of the chip, such as its processing power, memory capacity, and communication interfaces, must be taken into account to ensure that it meets the requirements of the project.
- Manufacturers: It is important to consider the reliability and reputation of the chip manufacturers. A reputable manufacturer is more likely to provide consistent quality and support for the chip.
- Second source: It is always good to have a second source for the chip. This will ensure that the project is not affected by the lack of availability of the chip from a single supplier.
- Alternatives: It is important to research and consider alternative chips that may be able to meet the requirements of the project. Sometimes a newer or less well-known chip may offer similar or better performance at a lower cost or with less lead time.
- Support: Is the device supported by the programmer you’ll be using? If the goal is scaling to production levels, don’t choose a development board, but something that can scale up to production levels.
- Obsolescence: It’s important to consider the obsolescence of the chip, i.e. the length of time that the chip will be manufactured and available in the market.
By considering these factors and researching different options, it is possible to choose a chip that meets the requirements of the project and is also available and affordable within the constraints of the supply chain.
First Steps
The first step in programming a semiconductor device is to determine the type of device you are working with. There are many different types of semiconductor devices, including microprocessors, microcontrollers, and memory chips. Each of these types of devices has its own unique set of programming requirements, so it is important to understand the differences between them.
Understanding the type of semiconductor device you are working with is crucial in order to properly program it. Different types of devices have different capabilities, resources, and programming requirements.
Microprocessors are devices that are capable of performing complex arithmetic and logic operations. They are the “brain” of a computer and are used in devices such as personal computers, laptops, and servers. They are typically programmed using high-level programming languages such as C or C++ and require specialized software development tools such as compilers, debuggers, and integrated development environments (IDEs).
Microcontrollers, on the other hand, are smaller, less powerful devices that are often used in embedded systems, such as appliances, automobiles, and industrial control systems. They are typically programmed using low-level languages such as assembly or C and require specialized development tools such as debuggers and in-circuit emulators (ICEs).
Memory chips, such as flash memory, are used for storing data in electronic devices. They are typically programmed using specialized software development tools such as flash programmers.
It is important to understand the differences between these types of devices, as the programming requirements and tools for each type of device may vary. For example, programming a microprocessor will be different than programming a microcontroller, and also programming a flash memory chip will be different than programming a microcontroller.
It is also important to consult the device’s documentation and consult the manufacturer’s website for specific programming requirements and guidelines. This will ensure that you have the correct tools and knowledge to program the device correctly and efficiently.
Programming Tools
Once you have determined the type of device you are working with, the next step is to gather the necessary tools. These may include a computer with the appropriate software and hardware, such as a programmer or debug board. You will also need a set of development tools, such as a compiler or debugger, to help you write and test your code.
The tool should be chosen with scalability in mind. If you’re programming chips for just a handful of installations, your options are plentiful. But if your plan requires thousands or millions of programmed parts, choose a device programmer that can scale to your needs. Often developers start with a manual programmer where the operator inserts the devices by hand. When quantities go above 50,000 per year, an automated programming system is a must. Automated systems also give you additional options, such as media transfer, marking, and inspection.
Programming Code Languages
Next, you will need to learn the programming language that is used to write code for the specific device you are working with. This may be a proprietary language specific to the device manufacturer, or it may be a more widely used language such as C or C++. It is important to become familiar with the syntax and structure of the language, as well as any libraries or functions specific to the device.
Once you have gathered the necessary tools and learning the programming language, the next step is to write and test your code. This process involves writing code that performs the desired functions, such as controlling a device or processing data. It is important to test your code thoroughly to ensure that it is functioning correctly and free of errors.
Finally, once you have written and tested your code, you can program the device by uploading it to the device using the appropriate programming tools. This process may involve connecting the device to a computer or using a specialized programming board.
Programming semiconductor devices can seem intimidating for those new to the field, but with the right knowledge and tools, anyone can learn to program these important devices. By following these steps and practicing regularly, you can quickly become proficient in semiconductor device programming and begin building your own electronic circuits and devices.
Learn More
There are many resources available for learning about programming semiconductor devices, including books, online tutorials, and educational courses. Some popular sources for learning about semiconductor device programming include:
Additionally, many universities and colleges offer courses on semiconductor device programming, which can be a great way to gain a deeper understanding of the subject.
Best Private Universities
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT is consistently ranked as one of the top universities in the world for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
- Stanford University: Located in Stanford, California, Stanford is known for its strong programs in business, engineering, and computer science.
- Harvard University: Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the country, and it offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs in a variety of fields.
- California Institute of Technology (Caltech): located in Pasadena, California, Caltech is a small, private research university known for its strong programs in science and engineering.
- Princeton University: located in Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton is one of the oldest universities in the country and is known for its undergraduate liberal arts program and graduate programs in a variety of fields, including engineering and the sciences.
- University of Chicago: located in Chicago, Illinois, UChicago is known for its strong programs in economics, business, law, and the sciences.
Best Public Universities
There are many excellent public universities in the United States that offer high-quality education at an affordable cost. Here are a few examples of highly-ranked public universities in the US:
by BPM Webmaster | Dec 28, 2022 | Case Study, How To
A programmable device is a piece of hardware that can be programmed to perform a specific set of tasks or functions. These tiny devices are often used in industrial and commercial settings, including manufacturing, healthcare, and automotive, to automate processes and improve efficiency.
There are many different types of programmable devices, including microcontrollers, Programmable logic devices (PLDs), and various Flash devices. Each of these devices has its own unique set of capabilities and is used for different applications.
NXP Kinetis® K02 MCU for Low Power Applications (MK02FN64VLH10)
Microcontrollers (MCU) are small, single-chip computers that are often used in embedded systems, such as sensors, appliances, and automotive systems. They are highly programmable and can be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks, from simple control functions to complex algorithms.
A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits. Unlike digital logic constructed using discrete logic gates with fixed functions, a PLD has an undefined function at the time of manufacture. Before the PLD can be used in a circuit it must be programmed to implement the desired function.[1] Compared to fixed logic devices, programmable logic devices simplify the design of complex logic and may offer superior performance. Unlike microprocessors, programming a PLD changes the connections made between the gates in the device.
Another example of a programmable device is a single-board computer (SBC). SBCs are small, single-chip computers that can be programmed to perform a variety of tasks, such as running a web server, controlling a robot, or playing media. Some popular examples of SBCs include the Raspberry Pi and the Arduino.
Programmable devices are also used in the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices are connected to the internet and can be programmed to perform a variety of tasks, such as collecting and transmitting data, controlling other devices, and interacting with users. Some examples of IoT devices include smart thermostats, smart locks, and smart appliances.
In summary, programmable devices are used in a wide range of applications, including control systems, automation systems, data acquisition systems, and the Internet of Things. They can be programmed to perform a variety of tasks and are used in industries ranging from manufacturing to home automation.
Examples of Programmable Device Applications
An example of a programmable device is a smart thermostat. These devices can be programmed to automatically adjust the temperature in a home or office based on the preferences of the user. They can also be controlled remotely using a smartphone app, allowing users to adjust the temperature from anywhere.
Programmable Devices for Healthcare
In the healthcare industry, programmable devices include devices such as insulin pumps and pacemakers. Insulin pumps are small, portable devices that deliver a continuous supply of insulin to patients with diabetes. The pumps can be programmed to deliver insulin at specific intervals throughout the day and can be adjusted as needed based on the patient’s blood sugar levels.
Pacemakers are small devices that are implanted in the chest to help regulate a person’s heartbeat. They can be programmed to deliver electrical impulses to the heart when needed, helping to prevent arrhythmias and other heart rhythm disorders.
Robotic surgical systems are another example of programmable devices used in healthcare. These systems allow surgeons to perform complex surgeries using precise robotic instruments, which are controlled by a computer program. The use of robotics in surgery can help to reduce the risk of complications and improve patient outcomes.
Other examples of programmable devices used in healthcare include medical monitoring devices, such as heart rate monitors and blood pressure monitors, and devices that assist with rehabilitation, such as exoskeletons and robotic physical therapy devices. Overall, programmable devices play an important role in healthcare by providing patients with the care and treatment they need to improve their health and quality of life.
Programmable Devices for Automotive
Programmable devices are also used in the automotive industry, such as in self-driving cars. These cars are equipped with sensors and algorithms that allow them to navigate and make decisions on the road. Some examples of programmable devices used in automotive include:
- Engine control units (ECUs) – ECUs are microprocessors that control various aspects of an engine, including fuel injection, ignition timing, and engine temperature. ECUs are programmed to optimize engine performance and fuel efficiency.
- Automatic transmission controllers – Automatic transmission controllers are microprocessors that control the shifting of gears in an automatic transmission. These controllers are programmed to optimize shift points based on various factors such as engine speed and load.
- Electronic stability control (ESC) systems – ESC systems are microprocessors that control the braking and throttle of a vehicle to help maintain stability during sharp turns or sudden changes in direction. These systems are programmed to react to certain stimuli, such as steering angle or yaw rate, to help keep the vehicle on track.
- Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems – ACC systems are microprocessors that control the speed of a vehicle based on the speed of other vehicles in front of it. These systems are programmed to maintain a safe following distance and adjust the speed of the vehicle accordingly.
- Telematics systems – Telematics systems are microprocessors that transmit and receive data wirelessly, allowing for remote monitoring and control of a vehicle. These systems are programmed to transmit data such as location, speed, and fuel level to a central server, which can then be accessed by the vehicle owner or a fleet manager.
Overall, programmable devices play a crucial role in the automotive industry, helping to improve vehicle performance and safety. These devices are constantly evolving, with new technologies and capabilities being developed all the time.
BPM Makes Programming Devices Easy
BPM has delivered more fine-pitch automated programming systems than all of our competitors combined. BPM programmers and software are the fastest universal programmers in the world, supporting MCUs, FPGA, eMMC, NAND, NOR, Serial Flash memory devices, and more. What really sets them apart is how easy BPM systems are to set up and run, without requiring a skilled operator. To request a demo, please click here.
Device Programmers from BPM | https://bpmmicro.com/how-to-program-in-house/ Video: Bring Programming In-House
by Colin Harper | Oct 26, 2022 | Case Study, How To, News, Technology
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noun |
| sä-kət |
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| Definition of socket: |
an opening or hollow that forms a holder for something |
| Source: |
Merriam-Webster |
“Socket” can mean different things depending on the context. Even in just electronics, “sockets” can mean more than one thing.
When BPM uses the term “socket,” it is referring to the electro-mechanical interface between the BPM programmer and the programmable device.
BPM pioneered using socket adapters to increase the usefulness of their programmers. In the “old” days, you had to buy a programmer for each type of device needed (which might mean a new programmer for a different pin count). Socket Adapters are the mechanical “bridge” between the programmer’s programming site and the device to be programmed. A software algorithm is needed as well, which directs where the packets of data go. Most programmers sold in the last 15 years or so use adapters.
There are two main components on an adapter: A circuit board with connector pins that insert into the programmer’s site, and a socket receptacle. The circuit board, due to its structure, is unlikely to fail before millions of insertions. There are no “mechanical” parts, with the exception of the connectors. Not so with the receptacle. The receptacle is “closed” in its resting state. In order to open the receptacle to insert a device, pressure is applied to the top (either by hand, by a lever, or by a pressure plate in an automated system). Some large device sockets utilize a clam-shell top to close. Receptacles, due to their mechanical nature, are subject to failure after a certain number of insertions. For standard socket receptacles, you can expect anywhere from 5,000 to as many as 25,000 insertions. High insertion sockets (HIC) are rated for 250,000 insertions.
BPM does not limit the number of insertions on its sockets (many of our competitors do). We do give the operator a warning that a socket has reached its factory-expected life.
Most BPM sockets come with a receptacle base. Receptacle-base socket modules and socket cards include a receptacle interface between the printed circuit board and the socket. This allows you to replace only the individual consumable socket once it reaches its useful life. This has proven to extend the life of the socket module and socket card, producing higher yields and lowering programming cost per device.
3 Classes of Adapters
BPM designs and produces a variety of socket adapters, and offers three classes of socket adapters:
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Socket Modules (Legacy Adapters)
- 6th Gen programmers: FSM*, FASM*, FXSM*, FXASM*
- 7th Gen model programmers: FSM*, FASM*, FXSM*, FXASM*, FX2SM*, FX4SM*, FXASM*, FX2ASM*, FX4ASM*
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D-Cards (Daughter card replacement assembly)
- LSM*, LASM*, LXSM*, LXASM*, LX2SM*, LX2ASM*, LX4SM*, LX4ASM*
- 6th and 7th Gen programmer socket module daughter card replacement assembly
- In limited cases, D-Cards are compatible with 9th Gen programmers, as specified within the BPWin support list
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Socket Cards
- FVE*, FVE2*, FVE4*, FVEG*
- Socket Cards are used with Flashstream, 8th Gen, 9th Gen, and 10th Gen programmers, where listed in the support list
- Socket cards are not used with Legacy 6 and 7th Gen programmers. See Socket Modules (above)
- FVEG adapters are gang design, meaning there are multiple sockets on a single pc board.
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Gang Adapters
FVXG adapters are gang adapters that are only compatible with 10th Generation programmers.- All sockets share the same pc board on a gang adapter
- FVXG8 is a gang 8 adapter with 8 sockets per board.
- FVXG6 is a gang 6 adapter with 6 sockets per board.
- Similarly, BPM could design FVXG2 (two up), FVXG3 (three up), FVXG4 (four up), or FVXG5 (five up) adapters.
- IMPORTANT: The pressure plates used for 10th Gen automated programmers are heavier gauge stainless steel than the pressure plates used for all other Generation programmers. The pressure required to open up to 8 sockets is double that required for 4-sockets per site automated programmers.
BPM Device Programmers | Socket Modules/Socket Cards | Socket Name Decoder | Extend Socket Life Article | Buy Sockets
by BPM Webmaster | Mar 4, 2022 | How To, Technology
Unlike other security solutions that are expensive, rigid, and one-size-fits-all, BPM offers a range of options based on your particular needs
BPM’s Security Solution for programming, BPM.NCRYPT, can utilize your existing HSM, secure server, or any other networked and offline data sources. BPM Microsystems can also provide a turn-key package that is flexible, scalable, and affordable.
Why trust BPM.NCRYPT?
Security and the encryption of programmable devices to protect intellectual property and the products in which these devices are used has never been more important than it is today. In fact, customers have been trusting BPWin, BPM’s award-winning Process Software, to provide robust, innovative security solutions for over twenty years.
BPM.NCRYPT leverages 36 years of supporting mission-critical devices along with our proven experience developing and releasing sophisticated security and encryption solutions that meet your unique needs. All of our automated machines are enabled to support MES factory integration with BPWin API and include complex security features, at no additional cost. If you are like us, we believe one size or one solution does not fit all. It starts with a conversation– what do you want to accomplish?
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